The Cultural Tapestry of Black Las Vegas: A Journey Through Time
A portion of the congregation at 2nd Baptist church with Bishop C. C. Cox presiding. Civil rights rally. “ohr000450. Reverend Donald M. Clark Photograph Collection, approximately 1965-1978. PH-00087. Special Collections and Archives, University Libraries, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Las Vegas, Nevada.”
Las Vegas, known for its electrifying entertainment and dazzling lights, boasts a profound history that transcends the neon glow of the Strip. The Historic Westside of Las Vegas, in particular, stands as a monument to the resilience, creativity, and contributions of the Black community to the city's rich history. This journey through time highlights key milestones and the indelible mark left by Black Las Vegans.
The Origins and Growth of the Historic Westside
The narrative of Black Las Vegas began in the early 20th century, as the city itself was taking shape. In 1905, the establishment of the Las Vegas townsite on the east side of the railroad tracks shifted the development focus, laying the groundwork for the Westside's distinct identity.
In 1929, the city of Las Vegas implemented a policy that would significantly impact the African American community. African Americans were pressured to move out of downtown (east side of the tracks) and into the Westside to accommodate population growth and to facilitate more business downtown. They were explicitly told that their business licenses would not be renewed if they refused to relocate. As African Americans moved west, White residents moved eastward, solidifying a racial divide that would persist for decades.
This forced migration consolidated the African American community's presence on the Westside, shaping its identity and fostering a sense of solidarity among residents. Despite the discriminatory practices that prompted this relocation, the Westside became a hub of cultural expression, entrepreneurship, and community resilience.
The 1930s brought significant demographic changes, with African Americans migrating to the Westside, drawn by opportunities arising from the construction of the Hoover Dam and the legalization of gambling. Despite facing discrimination, the community began to lay the foundations for a thriving district, marked by entrepreneurship and cultural development.
Civil Rights Movement and Community Development
Ruby Duncan (with microphone) and George Wiley (with hands in pockets).
Hank deLespinasse Photographs, approximately 1960-2002. PH-00454. Special Collections and Archives, University Libraries, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Las Vegas, Nevada.
The mid-20th century was transformative for the Historic Westside, reflecting a nationwide push for civil rights and equality. The 1950s and 1960s were pivotal decades, with the Moulin Rouge opening in 1955 as the first integrated hotel-casino, becoming a national sensation and symbolizing progress towards racial integration. Yet, the closure of Moulin Rouge five months after its grand opening highlighted the ongoing struggles for racial equality.
The 1960s further witnessed crucial movements towards desegregation, with the NAACP leading efforts that culminated in the historic Moulin Rouge Agreement in 1960, paving the way for the integration of Las Vegas's public accommodations. However, the systematic confinement of the Black community to the Historic Westside persisted, and it became a focal point for activism against discriminatory housing practices and economic disparities.
Black women played instrumental roles during this era, with figures like Ruby Duncan emerging as formidable leaders in the Las Vegas civil rights movement. Ruby Duncan, a community activist, was a driving force behind initiatives advocating for fair housing and equal opportunities. Her unwavering commitment to justice and equality left an indelible mark on the city and contributed significantly to breaking down barriers for the African American community.
Preserving History and Embracing the Future
Today, efforts to preserve the Historic Westside's legacy are intertwined with initiatives aimed at revitalization and economic development, ensuring that the history and contributions of Black Las Vegans are not forgotten but celebrated. The community's journey from segregation to celebration, led by community trailblazers is a testament to its resilience and creativity, making the Historic Westside a beacon of cultural heritage in Las Vegas.
In conclusion, the cultural tapestry of Black Las Vegas is a story of perseverance, unity, and profound impact. The Historic Westside's history is a crucial chapter in Las Vegas's development, reminding us of the power of community and the importance of honoring our diverse histories as we look towards the future. The contributions of community leaders continue to inspire and shape the ongoing narrative of progress and inclusion in the city.
